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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(2): 294-303, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989442

ABSTRACT

Abstract Triatoma vitticeps is a triatomine with geographic distribution restrict to Brazil, which exhibits high prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection. Of special epidemiologic concern, this species often invades households in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological and ultrastructural parameters on three T. cruzi isolates obtained from wild T. vitticeps specimens. The growth and cell differentiation of the parasite was evaluated through epimastigote and trypomastigote forms obtained in the growth curves for three distinct isolates. The maximum growth showed differences at the 20th day of the curve. Our in vitro results show a heterogeneity, regarding these features for samples cultivated under the same conditions. Morphometric analyzes based on the shape of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes corroborated such differentiation. These results highlight the need of better understanding the meaning of this diversity under an eco-epidemiological perspective.


Resumo Triatoma vitticeps é um triatomíneo com distribuição geográfica restrita ao território brasileiro, apresentando alta prevalência de infecção natural pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Esta espécie é relevante sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico por invadir domicílios com frequência nos estados do Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros morfológicos e ultraestruturais, em três isolados de T. cruzi obtidos a partir de triatomíneos silvestres. O crescimento e a diferenciação celular do parasita foi avaliado através das formas epimastigotas e tripomastigotas obtidas nas curvas de crescimento para os três isolados. O crescimento máximo mostrou diferenças no 20º dia da curva. Nossos resultados in vitro mostram uma heterogeneidade, em relação a essas características para amostras cultivadas nas mesmas condições. As análises morfométricas baseadas na conformação de epimastigotas e trypomastigotes corroboraram essa diferenciação. Estes resultados ressaltam a necessidade de uma melhor compreensão do significado desta diversidade sob uma perspectiva eco-epidemiológica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Brazil , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Chagas Disease/veterinary
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(6): 757-760, 09/09/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-724000

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma cruzi has a particular cytoskeleton that consists of a subpellicular network of microtubules and actin microfilaments. Therefore, it is an excellent target for the development of new anti-parasitic drugs. Benzimidazole 2-carbamates, a class of well-known broad-spectrum anthelmintics, have been shown to inhibit the in vitro growth of many protozoa. Therefore, to find efficient anti-trypanosomal (trypanocidal) drugs, our group has designed and synthesised several benzimidazole derivatives. One, named JVG9 (5-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol), has been found to be effective against T. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Here, we present the in vitro effects observed by laser scanning confocal and scanning electron microscopy on T. cruzi trypomastigotes. Changes in the surface and the distribution of the cytoskeletal proteins are consistent with the hypothesis that the trypanocidal activity of JVG9 involves the cytoskeleton as a target.


Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Cytoskeleton/drug effects , Life Cycle Stages/drug effects , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Actins/isolation & purification , Flagella/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Tubulin/isolation & purification
3.
Recife; s.n; 2013. 90 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704477

ABSTRACT

A doença de Chagas, causada pelo protozoário hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi, consiste em um grave problema de saúde pública na América Latina, com cerca de 7 a 8 milhões de pessoas infectadas. O benznidazol é atualmente o único fármaco disponível para o tratamento, apresentando boa atividade na fase aguda, mas com eficácia questionada na fase crônica, além de apresentar severos efeitos colaterais e longo período de tratamento. Tendo em vista a sua fácil síntese e baixo custo, adutos aromáticos oriundos da reação Morita-Baylis-Hillman têm sido considerados promissores como quimioterápicos. Neste sentido, foi avaliada a atividade tripanocida e citotóxica de seis adutos Morita-Baylis-Hillman. Para analisar possíveis efeitos dos adutos sobre estruturas específicas do protozoário foi utilizado a microscopia confocal a laser, através da marcação com Rodamina 123, MitoSOXT, Laranja de Acridina e Kit Live/Dead(R). As alterações morfológicas em parasitas submetidos ao tratamento foram acompanhadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Nossos resultados mostraram que todos os compostos foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de formas epimastigotas e causaram uma diminuição da viabilidade em formas tripomastigotas, apresentando uma moderada citotoxicidade para células de mamíferos. Os adutos MBH1, MBH2, MBH5 e MBH7 também foram efetivos em inibir a infecção de macrófagos e diminuir a viabilidade das formas amastigotas. Os compostos não foram capazes de alterar os níveis de produção do óxido nítrico em macrófagos. Análises pela microscopia confocal e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) apontam a mitocôndria como principal alvo intracelular destes compostos. Alterações compatíveis com a perda da viabilidade e morte celular por necrose e autofagia foram observadas por MET. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho colocam os adutos Morita -Baylis-Hillman em evidência como agentes promissores para o tratamento da tripanossomíase americana.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/chemical synthesis , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Acrylonitrile/analogs & derivatives , Acrylonitrile/pharmacology , Acrylonitrile/chemical synthesis , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development
4.
Recife; s.n; 2012. 84 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643469

ABSTRACT

Os compostos mesoiônicos são moléculas não aromáticas planas, pertencentes à classe das betaínas, os quais apresentam um grande número de atividades biológicas incluindo antibacteriana, anti-inflamatória e anti-protozoária. A despeito do potencial quimoterápico destes compostos, estudos destas moléculas contra o Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, ainda são incipientes. No presente trabalho nós avaliamos as atividades tripanocida e citotóxica dos mesoiônicos MECPYR-04, MEC-02, MC-01 e MC-02. Nossos resultados demonstraram que todos os compostos inibiram o crescimento de formas epimastigotas e causaram decréscimo da viabilidade celular em tripomastigotas. Estes compostos também foram efetivos em inibir a infecção de macrófagos e diminuir a viabilidade das formas amastigotas. MECPYR-04 foi o mais efetivo contra todas as formas evolutivas do parasito, entretanto também apresentou alta toxicidade para células de mamíferos, enquanto MEC02, MC-01 e MC-02 apresentaram baixa toxidade em células de mamíferos e alta seletividade para os parasitas. Apenas MEC-02 e MECPYR-04 aumentaram a produção de NO em macrófagos quando comparados com o controle, sugerindo um potencial imunomodulatório destes compostos. Com objetivo de analisar os efeitos de MEC-02, MC-01 e MC-02 sobre a integridade da membrana plasmática e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, células tratadas e controles foram submetidas a marcação com iodeto de propidio e rodamina 123 respectivamente, e analisadas por microscopia confocal. Nenhuma diferença significativa na integridade da membrana foi observada em células tratadas. Estes achados foram confirmados pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Apenas MC-01 e MC-02 foram capazes de induzir alterações no potencial de membrana mitocondrial como observado por microscopia confocal e citometria de fluxo. Análise ultraestrutural revelou apenas pequenas alterações em formas tripomastigotas tratadas com MEC-02. Por outro lado, células tratadas com MC-01 e MC-02 apresentaram drástico inchaço da mitocôndria com desorganização ou perda do material da matriz mitocondrial, sugerindo que esta estrutura seja o alvo de ação de MC-01 e MC-02. Todos estes resultados apontam MEC-02, MC-01 e MC-02 como candidatos a fármacos contra a doença de Chagas.


Subject(s)
Betaine/pharmacology , Betaine/toxicity , Trypanosoma cruzi , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Antiparasitic Agents , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi/cytology , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 106(2): 158-165, Mar. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-583939

ABSTRACT

Semiconductor nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs), were used to carry out experiments in vivo and ex vivo with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, questions have been raised regarding the nanotoxicity of QDs in living cells, microorganisms, tissues and whole animals. The objective of this paper was to conduct a QD nanotoxicity study on living T. cruzi protozoa using analytical methods. This was accomplished using in vitro experiments to test the interference of the QDs on parasite development, morphology and viability. Our results show that after 72 h, a 200 μM cadmium telluride (CdTe) QD solution induced important morphological alterations in T. cruzi, such as DNA damage, plasma membrane blebbing and mitochondrial swelling. Flow cytometry assays showed no damage to the plasma membrane when incubated with 200 μM CdTe QDs for up to 72 h (propidium iodide cells), giving no evidence of classical necrosis. Parasites incubated with 2 μM CdTe QDs still proliferated after seven days. In summary, a low concentration of CdTe QDs (2 μM) is optimal for bioimaging, whereas a high concentration (200 μM CdTe) could be toxic to cells. Taken together, our data indicate that 2 μM QD can be used for the successful long-term study of the parasite-vector interaction in real time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cadmium Compounds/toxicity , Cell Proliferation , DNA Damage , Quantum Dots , Tellurium/toxicity , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cell Membrane , Flow Cytometry , Fluorescent Dyes , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mitochondrial Swelling , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(8): 1026-1032, Dec. 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-570674

ABSTRACT

Citral, the main constituent of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil, was added to Trypanosoma cruzi cultures grown in TAU3AAG medium to observe the effect on the epimastigote-to-trypomastigote differentiation process (metacyclogenesis). Our results showed that citral (20 μg/mL) did not affect epimastigote viability or inhibit the differentiation process. Concentrations higher than 60 μg/mL, however, led to 100 percent cell death (both epimastigote and trypomastigote forms). Although epimastigotes incubated with 30 μg/mL citral were viable and able to adhere to the substrate, we observed around 50 percent inhibition in metacyclogenesis, with a calculated concentration that inhibited metacyclogenesis by 50 percent after 24 h (IC50/24 h) of about 31 μg/mL. Treatment with 30 μg/mL citral did not hinder epimastigote multiplication because epimastigote growth resumed when treated cells were transferred to a drug-free liver infusion tryptose culture medium. Metacyclogenesis was almost totally abolished at 40 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation. Furthermore, the metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained in vitro were similarly susceptible to citral, with an IC50/24 h, concentration that killed 50 percent of the cells after 24 h, of about 24.5 μg/mL. Therefore, citral appears to be a good candidate as an inhibitory drug for further studies analyzing the T. cruzi metacyclogenesis process.


Subject(s)
Cymbopogon , Monoterpenes , Trypanosoma cruzi , Cell Division , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Microscopy, Electron , Monoterpenes , Time Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(8): 1055-1062, Dec. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-538164

ABSTRACT

Proline racemase is an important enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi and has been shown to be an effective mitogen for B cells, thus contributing to the parasite's immune evasion and persistence in the human host. Recombinant epimastigote parasites overexpressing TcPRAC genes coding for proline racemase present an augmented ability to differentiate into metacyclic infective forms and subsequently penetrate host-cells in vitro. Here we demonstrate that both anti T. cruzi proline racemase antibodies and the specific proline racemase inhibitor pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid significantly affect parasite infection of Vero cells in vitro. This inhibitor also hampers T. cruzi intracellular differentiation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Amino Acid Isomerases/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Host-Parasite Interactions/physiology , Proline/analogs & derivatives , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology , Chlorocebus aethiops , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Proline/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Vero Cells
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 89-100, July 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520869

ABSTRACT

Since the initial description of Trypanosoma cruzi by Carlos Chagas in 1909, several research groups have used different microscopic techniques to obtain detailed information about the various developmental stages found in the life cycle of this intracellular parasite. This review describes the present knowledge on the organization of the most important structures and organelles found in the protozoan, such as the cell surface, flagellum, cytoskeleton, kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, glycosome, acidocalcisome, contractile vacuole, lipid inclusions, the secretory pathway, endocytic pathway and the nucleus.


Subject(s)
Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(4): 313-325, June 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486875

ABSTRACT

Since the discovery of the electron microscope and the development of the initial techniques for the processing of biological samples for electron microscopy, the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi has been the subject of intense investigation. This review analyzes the results obtained by observation of whole trypanosomes as well as thin sections and replicas using several microscopic approaches. Micrographs detailing the appearance of T. cruzi using several methods illustrate the evolution of electron microscopic techniques as well as its contribution to understanding the structural organization of the protozoan.


Subject(s)
Animals , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
10.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 80(1): 157-166, Mar. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-477423

ABSTRACT

The differentiation of proliferating epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi , the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas’ disease, into the infective and non-proliferating metacyclic forms can be reproduced in the laboratory by incubating the cells in a chemically-defined medium that mimics the urine of the insect vector. Epimastigotes have a spherical nucleus, a flagellum protruding from the middle of the protozoan cell, and a disk-shaped kinetoplast - an organelle that corresponds to the mitochondrial DNA. Metacyclic trypomastigotes have an elongated shape with the flagellum protruding from the posterior portion of the cell and associated with a spherical kinetoplast. Here we describe the morphological events of this transformation and characterize a novel intermediate stage by three-dimensional reconstruction of electron microscope serial sections. This new intermediate stage is characterized by a kinetoplast compressing an already elongated nucleus, indicating that metacyclogenesis involves active movements of the flagellar structure relative to the cell body. As transcription occurs more intensely in proliferating epimastigotes than in metacyclics, we also examined the presence of RNA polymerase II and measured transcriptional activity during the differentiation process. Both the presence of the enzyme and transcriptional activity remain unchanged during all steps of metacyclogenesis. RNA polymerase II levels and transcriptional activity only decrease after metacyclics are formed. We suggest that transcription is required during the epimastigote-to-metacyclic trypomastigote differentiation process, until the kinetoplast and flagellum reach the posterior position of the parasites in the infective form.


A diferenciação de formas epimastigotas (proliferativas) do Trypanosoma cruzi, parasita protozoário causador da doença de Chagas, em formas metacíclicas tripomastigotas (infectivas e não proliferativas), pode ser reproduzida em laboratório incubando-se as células em um meio quimicamente definido que imita a urina do inseto vetor deste parasita. Os epimastigotas têm um núcleo esférico, o flagelo se projeta da metade do corpo do protozoário e o cinetoplasto (organela que possui o DNA mitocondrial) possui formato de disco. Os tripomastigotas metacíclicos têm um núcleo alongado com o flagelo emergindo da extremidade posterior da célula associado ao cinetoplasto esférico. Neste trabalho descrevemos as mudanças morfológicas que ocorrem durante essa transformação e caracterizamos uma nova forma intermediária do parasita usando reconstrução tridimensional de cortes seriados, visualizados por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Essa nova forma intermediária é caracterizada pela compressão do cinetoplasto contra o núcleo alongado, indicando que a metaciclogênese envolve movimentos ativos do cinetoplasto associado à estrutura flagelar em relação ao corpo celular. Como tripomastigotas metacíclicos transcrevem menos que as formas epimastigotas proliferativas, verificamos a presença da RNA polimerase II e medimos a atividade transcricional durante o processo de diferenciação. A presença da enzima e a atividade transcricional permanecem inalteradas durante todas as etapas da metaciclogênese, desaparecendo apenas quando as formas metacíclicas são formadas. Sugerimos que a diferenciação requer uma atividade transcricional, necessária para uma intensa remodelação da célula, que acontece até o cinetoplasto e o flagelo atingirem uma posição posterior do corpo do tripomastigota metacíclico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Microscopy, Electron , RNA Polymerase II , Transcription, Genetic , Trypanosoma cruzi/cytology , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(7): 871-876, Nov. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470360

ABSTRACT

Uptake of transferrin by epimastigote forms of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi occurs mainly through a cytostome/ cytopharynx, via uncoated endocytic vesicles that bud off from the bottom of the cytopharynx. We have here examined whether detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) domains might be involved in this process. Purified whole cell membrane fractions were assayed for cholesterol levels and used in dot blot analyses. Detergent-resistant membrane markers (cholera B toxin and anti-flotillin-1 antibody) presented positive reaction by dot blots in cholesterol-rich/ protein-poor membrane sub-fractions. The positive dot blot fraction was submitted to lipid composition analysis, showing composition similar to that of raft fractions described for other eukaryotic cells. Immunofluorescence assays allowed the localization of punctual positive signal for flotillin-1, matching the precise cytostome/ cytopharynx location. These data were confirmed by immunofluorescence assays with the co-localization of flotillin-1 and the transferrin uptake site. Our data suggest that DRM domains occur and are integrated at the cytostome/ cytopharynx of T. cruzi epimastigotes, being the main route for transferrin uptake.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cholesterol/metabolism , Detergents/pharmacology , Membrane Microdomains/metabolism , Microtubules/metabolism , Transferrin/metabolism , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolism , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 24(3): 383-390, sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474601

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar histopatológicamente y morfométricamente las alteraciones del tejido hepático de ratón, durante la fase aguda de la infección por la cepa MORC-2 de Trypanosoma cruzi. Esta cepa mostró acentuado tropismo por el hígado, con numerosos nidos de amastigotes en los cortes examinados. El hígado de los animales infectados estaba constituido por células menores, con citoplasma granuloso. En algunas áreas, los sinusoides estaban congestionados y las células de Kupffer hipertróficas e hiperplásicas. El tejido hepático mostró focos circunscritos de células inflamatorias en áreas de necrosis, sinusoides, en torno de las venas centrolobulillares y de los espacios porta. La vena centrolobulillar estaba dilatada y congestionada, con necrosis focales y ruptura de la pared en algunos campos. Los espacios porta estaban desorganizados, a veces, con intenso infiltrado inflamatorio. En algunas áreas fue posible observar degeneración cística (spongis hepatis). Por todo el tejido hepático se observaron nidos de amastigotes, de tamaño variable, algunos rodeados por infiltrado inflamatorio crónico. En el espacio porta, el volumen relativo de los conductos biliares y vasos sanguíneos, así como la densidad de superficie de las arterias fueron mayores en el grupo infectado.


The objective of this work was to characterize histopatologically and morphometrically the alterations of the mouse liver during the acute infection by the MORC-2 strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. This strain showed marked tropism by the liver, with numerous nests of amastigotes in the examined sections. The liver of the infected animals was constituted by smaller cells, with granular cytoplasm. In some areas, the sinusoids were congested and the Kuppfer cells were hipertrofied and hiperplasic. The hepatic tissue showed circumscribed foci of inflammatory cells into necrotic areas, sinusoids, around the contrilobular veins and the portal spaces. The centrilobular vein was dilated and congested, with focal necrosis and rupture of the wall in some regions. The portal spaces were disorganized, sometimes with intense inflammatory infiltrate. In some areas it was possible to observe cystic degeneration (spongis hepatis). In the hepatic tissue, nests of amastigotes, of variable sizes, were observed, some surrounded by chronic inflammatory infiltrate. In the portal space, the relative volume of the biliary ducts and blood vessels, as well as the surface density of the arteries was greater in the infected group.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Mice , Hepatocytes/cytology , Hepatocytes/ultrastructure , Liver/anatomy & histology , Liver/cytology , Liver/ultrastructure , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Chagas Disease/veterinary , Mice/anatomy & histology , Mice/immunology , Mice/blood
13.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 23 jun. 2006. xvi,86 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443975

ABSTRACT

Metil ésteres de L-aminoácidos,tais como o metil éster de L-leucina(Leu-OMe),foram identificados como agentes hidrolíticos do sistema lisosomal de amastigotas do tripanosomatídeo Leishmania(Leishmania)amazonensis,por um mecanismo que envolve a hidrólise do éster por enzimas do parasita localizadas no interior dos megasomos.Assim, nosso estudo teve por objetivo analisar o efeito de Leu-OMe sobre as 3 formas evolutivas do tripanosomatídeo Trypanosoma cruzi,em busca de potenciais alvos do composto neste protozoário.O tratamento de formas epimastigotas resultou em inibição do crescimento de maneira dose-dependente,com IC50/1dia=0,55±0,21 mM,sendo que incubação com 4-8 mM/1dia levou a 100por cento de morte celular.O tratamento de formas tripomastigotas sangüíneos resultou em lise celular,com um IC50/1dia = 1,46±,016 mM.Macrófagos infectados e tratados com 0,125 a 1 mM Leu-OMe apresentaram um decréscimo dose-e tempo-dependente na porcentagem de infecção de células hospedeiras por formas amastigotas.Alterações morfológicas nos macrófagos foram observadas apenas em concentrações acima de 8 mM,e a partir do 3ºdia de tratamento.Análise por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão de parasitos tratados demonstrou diversas alterações morfológicas na forma do corpo,mitocôndria e núcleo,enquanto que cinetoplasto e reservosomos (compartimento pré-lisosomal)não foram muito afetados.A lise das formas tripomastigotas sangüíneos e amastigotas intracelulares sugeriu que os lisosomos de T.cruzi são o principal alvo da droga,uma vez que reservosomos são encontrados apenas em formas epimastigotas.Nossos resultados demonstraram,pelo uso da citoquímica ultra-estrutural para aril sulfatase,a presença de lisosomos em epimastigotas de T.cruzi,assim como confirmaram sua susceptibilidade ao Leu-OMe,levando à morte dos parasitas.Esta técnica citoquímica foi usada pela 1ªvez nos protozoários tripanosomatídeos T.cruzi e Crithidia fasciculata,detectando reação positiva exclusivamente em vacúolos...


Subject(s)
Drug Therapy , Chagas Disease/therapy , Chagas Disease/transmission , Lysosomes , Trypanosoma cruzi/classification , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(2): 207-211, Mar. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-430898

ABSTRACT

Propolis has shown activity against pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases in humans and animals. The ethanol (Et-Blg) and acetone (Ket-Blg) extracts from a Bulgarian propolis, with known chemical compositions, presented similar activity against tissue culture-derived amastigotes. The treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected skeletal muscle cells with Et-Blg led to a decrease of infection and of the intracellular proliferation of amastigotes, while damage to the host cell was observed only at concentration 12.5 times higher than those affecting the parasite. Ultrastructural analysis of the effect of both extracts in epimastigotes revealed that the main targets were the mitochondrion and reservosomes. Et-Blg also affected the mitochondrion-kinetoplast complex in trypomastigotes, offering a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Infective Agents , Muscle, Skeletal/cytology , Propolis/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Muscle, Skeletal/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions/drug effects , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(1): 33-38, Feb. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-398112

ABSTRACT

Cells die through a programmed process or accidental death, know as apoptosis or necrosis, respectively. Bothrops jararaca is a snake whose venom inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms causing mitochondrion swelling and cell death. The aim of the present work was to determine the type of death induced in epimastigotes of T. cruzi by this venom. Parasite growth was inhibited after venom treatment, and 50 percent growth inhibition was obtained with 10 æg/ml. Ultrastructural observations confirmed mitochondrion swelling and kinetoplast disorganization. Furthermore, cytoplasmic condensation, loss of mitochondrion membrane potential, time-dependent increase in phosphatidylserine exposure at the outer leaflet plasma membrane followed by permeabilization, activation of caspase like protein and DNA fragmentation were observed in epimastigotes throughout a 24 h period of venom treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that the stress induced in epimastigote by this venom, triggers a programmed cell death process, similar to metazoan apoptosis, which leads to parasite death.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Bothrops , Crotalid Venoms/pharmacology , Mitochondria/drug effects , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Flow Cytometry , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Time Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure
20.
Rev. bioméd. (México) ; 10(3): 177-84, jul.-sept. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258963

ABSTRACT

El trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) es un protozoario hemoflagelado, considerado el agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas y es transmitido a los hospederos mamíferos por medio de insectos vectores del género Triatoma. El T. cruzi presenta un pleomorfismo natural, al cual se ha atribuido a la diferencia de severidad con que se presenta la enfermedad en el hospedero humano y otros mamíferos. Considerando este aspecto han sido varios los trabajos sobre caracterización de cepas de T. cruzi, abarcando aspectos biológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares para poder establecer un método de clasificación de las diferentes cepas de dicho parásito, de manera que las cepas que pertenezcan a un mismo grupo compartan estos aspectos y así una cepa pudiera ser representativa de ese grupo, simplificando los estudios a realizar. Esta revisión pretende dar un panorama de los diferentes métodos de caracterización de la cepas T. cruzi, para tratar de agruparlas para su mejor estudio y control


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Cycle , Biological Science Disciplines , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Trypanosoma cruzi/ultrastructure , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/parasitology
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